CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5

Managing Knowledge and Data

CHAPTER OUTLINE

5.1 Managing Data

5.2 The Database Approach

5.3 Database Management Systems

5.4 Data Warehouses and Data Marts

5.5 Knowledge Management

Difficulties in managing data:

ü  Amount of data increasing exponentially

ü  Data are scattered throughout organizations and collected by many individuals

   ü  using various methods and devices.

ü  Data come from many sources.

ü  Data security, quality, and integrity are critical.


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Managing Data Storage

Data Governance : -   

 ç Data governance is an approach to managing information across an entire organization.

 ç Master data management is a process that spans all of an organization’s business processes and applications.

 ç Master data are a set of core data that span all of an enterprise’s information systems.

(DBMS) minimize the problems:	DBMSs maximize the issues:
Data redundancy	Data security
Data isolation	Data integrity
Data inconsistency	Data independence

Database Management Systems:-  

Hierarchy of Data for a Computer-Based File

Data Hierarchy

  Data model

ü An entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained. A record generally describes an entity.

ü An attribute is a particular characteristic or quality of a particular entity.

ü The primary key is a field that uniquely identifies a record.

ü Secondary keys are other field that have some identifying information but typically do not identify the file with complete accuracy.

Relationships Between Entities

Entity-relationship diagram model

ü  A database management system is a set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access, and analyze data stored in one location.

ü  The relational database model is based on the concept of two-dimensional tables

.

ü  Structured query language allows users to perform complicated searches by using relatively simple statements or keywords.

ü  Query by example allows users to fill out a grid or template to construct a sample or description of the data he or she wants.

Normalization

ü Minimum redundancy

ü Maximum data integrity

ü Best processing performance

          

A data warehouse is a repository of historical data organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization.

Benefits of Data Warehousing

ü End users can access data quickly and easily via Web browsers because they are located in one place.

ü End users can conduct extensive analysis with data in ways that may not have been possible before.

ü End users have a consolidated view of organizational data.

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Benefits of a Data Warehouse 

ç Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that is part of the organization’s memory, usually in an unstructured format.

ç Knowledge that is contextual, relevant, and actionable.

ç Intellectual capital is another term often used for knowledge.

ç Explicit knowledge: objective, rational, technical knowledge that has been documented.

ç Tacit knowledge: cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning.

     Knowledge Management System Cycle

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WDS Knowledge Management Process